3.2.1 Fiber reinforced cement (FRC) composites For practical purposes and mechanical modeling, fiber reinforced cement (FRC) or concrete composites are generally defined as composites with two main components, the fiber and the matrix (Fig. 3.1). While the cementitious matrix may itself be considered a composite with several components, it will be assumed to represent, in […]

Antoine E. Naaman Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2125, U. S.A. 3.1 Introduction Fiber reinforced cement based composites have made striking advances and gained enormous momentum in recent years. This is due in particular to several developments involving the matrix, the fiber, the fiber-matrix interface, the composite production process, […]

(1) It was possible to produce SCFRC mixes with Texas conventional materials, equipments and techniques. The mixes showed satisfactory workability and were deemed suitable to cast the end regions of prestressed I-beam. Optimum steel fiber content was found to be governed by the workability criteria for the SCFRC mixes. Tests of hardened properties confirmed the […]

Numerous applications of SCC are successfully carried out in the construction industry throughout the world in the past decade. High — rise commercial and industrial buildings, precast products, bridges, highway pavements etc. are some of the common applications of SCC. Precast prestressed concrete I-beams are used extensively as the primary superstructure elements in Texas highway […]

HPC with its beneficial strength and durability properties is an ideal material for prestressed concrete highway bridges. The use of HPC in these structures can lead to both short — and long-term cost savings. Since 1993, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT, USA) has been working on the use of HPC for bridge. The two […]

The Qinghai-Tibet railway was completed by July 1 2006 and is a high — altitude railway that connects Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The section between Xining and Golmud is 815 km long and was built in the 1950s. Owing to a lack of technologies, it was unable to construct the […]

The development of high-flowing and high strength concrete with strengths greater than 420 kgf/cm2 was used in 1990 for Taipei Far — Eastern Plaza. However, in this stage pozzolanic material is not allowed due to the possibility of degradation after the addition of pozzolanic material. In 1993 HPC with strengths greater 560 kgf/cm2 was first […]

2.6.1 Introduction HPC has been widely used for all kinds of concrete structures in the world, including buildings with beautiful aesthetic or complicated architecture. The owner of the project considers not only the beauty of the structure but also the time and money that they need to save for the project. This section introduces several […]

Since its 1989 introduction in Japan, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been used worldwide for precast and cast-in-place applications. In 1998, Japan published guidelines for the design, testing and use of SCC [138]. Europe and China published similar guidelines in 2005 [141,171]. In US, SCC is being increasingly used during the past years. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute […]

During the past decade, many States developed specifications and guidelines for the raw materials, mixing, placement, curing and performance of HPC based on applications of project [84,167,168, 169]. In November 1999, FHWA awarded a three-year HPC pooled — fund study entitled “Compilation and Evaluation of Results from High Performance Concrete Bridge Projects”. The project collects […]