The present book has attempted to give an overview of the current state of the art in the implementation of tensile surface structures. The purpose of the work has been to permit the recognition of fundamental interactions between the production and the erection of flexible structural elements. The investigation of the factors affecting the construction […]
Рубрика: Tensile Surface Structures: A. Practical Guide to Cable and. Membrane Construction
Summary and outlook
Measurement of membrane stresses
In order to avoid permissible stresses being exceeded, check measurements have to be performed on installed and tensioned membranes. The measurement of membrane stress is, however, problematic. Measurement of the strain with strain gauges is difficult to handle and evaluate. The strip has to be attached to the membrane surface when this is stress-free in […]
Measuring with hydraulic force transducers
The best-known method of determining the force in ropes in steel erection is the measurement of the compression in hydraulic cylinders installed in the flow of the forces during the pretensioning process. Various intermediate measurements are undertaken in the course of force introduction into the rope by hydraulic presses controlled according to force or travel. […]
Determination of force in ropes
One method of determining the forces in ropes is the measurement of strain, with the rope itself being used as force measurement element. To do this, an extensometer is attached to the rope in the unstressed state, which measures the initial length and the length under tension. This enables the force in the rope to […]
Control of the forces in flexible structural elements
The assembling of different materials and the involvement of all parts of the structure in load transfer places high demands on the geometry of lightweight structures. The deformations of the load-bearing elements in tension resulting from form-active interaction limit each other mutually. The coordination of the differing strains of the materials is therefore fundamental for […]
. Application of surface loads
Synclastic surfaces cannot be pretensioned by tangential displacement of elements in the surface. They have to be tensioned by applying surface loading perpendicular to the plane. The pretensioning of rope hanging roofs is done by ballasting. This creates a loading condition, which ensures that no compression will occur in the tension elements through external influences […]
. Application of load by tilting of shaft-shaped supporting elements
Point loads can also be introduced into membrane surfaces by displacing or rotating the stiff primary elements. This tensioning process is frequently used for the erection of awnings, where the fabric is pretensioned by the tilting of the masts and the shortening of the stay and edge ropes (Fig. 356). The fabric is fixed to […]
Application of loads at points
Flexible edge details with ropes or belts running in sleeves can be pretensioned by displacing the stiff corner fittings (B in Fig. 353) at points. This can be direct pulling or pushing of the fitting to the anchorage position. With awnings, the displacement is mostly produced by shortening the stay ropes, which causes a rotation […]
. Application of loads by tilting the edge beams
The introduction of linear edge loads into the membrane surface can also be achieved by changing the position of the stiff edge beam. One example of this is the tilting of archshaped edge beams. This is an efficient method of tensioning, which is mostly used with many parallel rows of edge arches. The membrane surface […]